[Vision2020] 06-03-04 Breaking AP: Census Report: It Pays to Be a Man in Most Jobs
Art Deco aka W. Fox
deco@moscow.com
Thu, 3 Jun 2004 15:30:09 -0700
This is a multi-part message in MIME format.
------=_NextPart_000_015C_01C4497F.A7AF8A30
Content-Type: multipart/alternative;
boundary="----=_NextPart_001_015D_01C4497F.A7AF8A30"
------=_NextPart_001_015D_01C4497F.A7AF8A30
Content-Type: text/plain;
charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Jun 3, 2004
Census Report: It Pays to Be a Man in Most Jobs
By Genaro C. Armas
Associated Press Writer
WASHINGTON (AP) - If a woman wants to make more money than a man, her job
options are severely limited. She could clean up hazardous waste. Or install
telecommunications lines.
But not much else.
The Census Bureau compiled statistics on hundreds of job categories from its
2000 headcount and found just five where women typically earn at least as much
as men.
Among hazardous material removal workers, women earn $1.09 for every dollar
earned by man. It's slightly more than a dollar for telecommunications line
installer and repairers, and it was exactly dollar-for-dollar in three
categories: meeting and convention planners; dining room or cafeteria workers;
and construction trade helpers.
Each of these fields employs predominantly men, except for meeting planning.
Myra Strober, a Stanford University economics professor, said the report and
other studies show, "If you are a young woman and want to go into an occupation
to earn more money, you'll want to do that in an occupation dominated by men."
Indeed, in the field with the highest proportion of female workers -
kindergarten and preschool teachers, nearly 98 percent women - men had median
earnings of $22,000, $5,000 more than for women.
Among registered nurses, 91 percent were women, but their median income was
$42,000. Men made $45,000, according to the Census Bureau's study.
Carol Cooke, a spokeswoman for the American Nurses Association, said that may be
partly due to more men choosing higher-paying nursing fields, such as
anesthesiology.
The report was based on 2000 census results that tracked 1999 income data for
505 job categories. However, the rankings of median earnings for women and men
were based on a subset of about 400 fields that employed at least 10,000
full-time, year-round workers, including at least 1,000 men and 1,000 women.
Nationally, the median income for a woman working full-time, year-round was
about $28,000, compared with $38,000 for a man. That means a woman earned less
than 74 cents for every dollar earned by a man.
That's an improvement from the early 1960s, when women earned about 59 cents for
every dollar men earned. Data from a separate census survey that didn't look at
detailed occupations showed women earning 77 cents for every dollar earned by
men in 2002.
Heidi Hartmann, president of the Institute for Women's Policy Research, said the
disparity is in part due to women who interrupt their careers to have kids at a
time while men continue to climb the salary ladder. When these mothers return to
work, they often can't make up the loss in earnings, she said.
Discrimination also may be a factor, specifically against mothers, Strober
added. "If you are a primary caretaker of children, it's very difficult to live
up to the kind of work requirements that exist for professional work," she said.
Women have narrowed the disparity over time in part because more have college
degrees or better, said Hartmann. Plus, in recent years, more professional
mothers who don't want to go into the office regularly are telecommuting. In the
past, such women often left the work force.
Hartmann said stronger enforcement of equal opportunity laws and increasing
access to education and training in high-paying fields in which women are
underrepresented are keys to income equity.
---
On the Net:
Census Bureau report: http://www.census.gov/prod/2004pubs/censr-15.pdf
AP-ES-06-03-04 1718EDT
This story can be found at: http://ap.tbo.com/ap/breaking/MGBVXSED1VD.html
a.. Go Back To The Story
------=_NextPart_001_015D_01C4497F.A7AF8A30
Content-Type: text/html;
charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<HTML><HEAD>
<META http-equiv=3DContent-Type content=3D"text/html; =
charset=3Diso-8859-1">
<META content=3D"MSHTML 6.00.2800.1400" name=3DGENERATOR>
<STYLE></STYLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY bgColor=3D#ffffff>
<DIV><FONT size=3D4><A href=3D"http://ap.tbo.com/"><IMG=20
src=3D"http://media.mgnetwork.com/images/tbologo80x60.jpg" =
border=3D0></A>
<SCRIPT language=3DJavaScript>=0A=
<!--=0A=
DisplayOasAd("Top!Top");=0A=
// -->=0A=
</SCRIPT>
<SCRIPT language=3DJavaScript1.1=20
src=3D"http://utils.media-general.com/RealMedia/ads/adstream_jx.ads/www.t=
bo.com/ap/story.htm/1947624252@Top!Top"></SCRIPT>
<FONT size=3D3> </FONT><A=20
href=3D"http://utils.media-general.com/RealMedia/ads/click_lx.ads/www.tbo=
.com/ap/story.htm/209732289/Top/OasDefault/t_FlordiaInfo_01/floridainfo46=
8.gif/34303765613561653430626661383430"=20
target=3D_top><FONT size=3D3></FONT></A><FONT =
size=3D3> <NOSCRIPT><A=20
href=3D"http://utils.media-general.com/RealMedia/ads/click_nx.ads/www.tbo=
.com/ap/story.htm@Top?x"></A>=20
</NOSCRIPT></FONT><FONT face=3Dverdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif =
size=3D2>
<P>Jun 3, 2004</P>
<H2>Census Report: It Pays to Be a Man in Most Jobs</H2>By Genaro C.=20
Armas<BR>Associated Press Writer <BR><BR>WASHINGTON (AP) - If a woman =
wants to=20
make more money than a man, her job options are severely limited. She =
could=20
clean up hazardous waste. Or install telecommunications lines.=20
<P>But not much else.=20
<P>The Census Bureau compiled statistics on hundreds of job categories =
from its=20
2000 headcount and found just five where women typically earn at least =
as much=20
as men.=20
<P>Among hazardous material removal workers, women earn $1.09 for every =
dollar=20
earned by man. It's slightly more than a dollar for telecommunications =
line=20
installer and repairers, and it was exactly dollar-for-dollar in three=20
categories: meeting and convention planners; dining room or cafeteria =
workers;=20
and construction trade helpers.=20
<P>Each of these fields employs predominantly men, except for meeting =
planning.=20
<P>Myra Strober, a Stanford University economics professor, said the =
report and=20
other studies show, "If you are a young woman and want to go into an =
occupation=20
to earn more money, you'll want to do that in an occupation dominated by =
men."=20
<P>Indeed, in the field with the highest proportion of female workers -=20
kindergarten and preschool teachers, nearly 98 percent women - men had =
median=20
earnings of $22,000, $5,000 more than for women.=20
<P>Among registered nurses, 91 percent were women, but their median =
income was=20
$42,000. Men made $45,000, according to the Census Bureau's study.=20
<P>Carol Cooke, a spokeswoman for the American Nurses Association, said =
that may=20
be partly due to more men choosing higher-paying nursing fields, such as =
anesthesiology.=20
<P>The report was based on 2000 census results that tracked 1999 income =
data for=20
505 job categories. However, the rankings of median earnings for women =
and men=20
were based on a subset of about 400 fields that employed at least 10,000 =
full-time, year-round workers, including at least 1,000 men and 1,000 =
women.=20
<P>Nationally, the median income for a woman working full-time, =
year-round was=20
about $28,000, compared with $38,000 for a man. That means a woman =
earned less=20
than 74 cents for every dollar earned by a man.=20
<P>That's an improvement from the early 1960s, when women earned about =
59 cents=20
for every dollar men earned. Data from a separate census survey that =
didn't look=20
at detailed occupations showed women earning 77 cents for every dollar =
earned by=20
men in 2002.=20
<P>Heidi Hartmann, president of the Institute for Women's Policy =
Research, said=20
the disparity is in part due to women who interrupt their careers to =
have kids=20
at a time while men continue to climb the salary ladder. When these =
mothers=20
return to work, they often can't make up the loss in earnings, she said. =
<P>Discrimination also may be a factor, specifically against mothers, =
Strober=20
added. "If you are a primary caretaker of children, it's very difficult =
to live=20
up to the kind of work requirements that exist for professional work," =
she said.=20
<P>Women have narrowed the disparity over time in part because more have =
college=20
degrees or better, said Hartmann. Plus, in recent years, more =
professional=20
mothers who don't want to go into the office regularly are =
telecommuting. In the=20
past, such women often left the work force.=20
<P>Hartmann said stronger enforcement of equal opportunity laws and =
increasing=20
access to education and training in high-paying fields in which women =
are=20
underrepresented are keys to income equity.=20
<P>---=20
<P>On the Net:=20
<P>Census Bureau report: =
http://www.census.gov/prod/2004pubs/censr-15.pdf=20
<P>AP-ES-06-03-04 1718EDT <BR><BR><B>This story can be found at:</B> <A=20
href=3D"http://ap.tbo.com/ap/breaking/MGBVXSED1VD.html">http://ap.tbo.com=
/ap/breaking/MGBVXSED1VD.html</A><BR><BR>
<LI><A href=3D"javascript:history.back()">Go Back To The Story</A>=20
</FONT></LI></FONT></DIV></BODY></HTML>
------=_NextPart_001_015D_01C4497F.A7AF8A30--
------=_NextPart_000_015C_01C4497F.A7AF8A30
Content-Type: image/jpeg;
name="tbologo80x60.jpg"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
Content-Location: http://media.mgnetwork.com/images/tbologo80x60.jpg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=
------=_NextPart_000_015C_01C4497F.A7AF8A30--